Palena ka hopena e pili ana i ka nui o ka nui o ka maʻi
Ua ulu nui ka mahiʻai mīkini lohi maʻAmelika Huipūʻia ma keʻano like me ka neʻeʻana i kahiʻoi aku o ka nohona o ka'āina,ʻano ola. No nā poʻe hoihoi nui, heʻoi aku kaʻoihana mahi hānai ma mua o ka hoʻokipa wale; ʻo ia kaʻike maoli o nā kuleana kaiāulu, i ka manawa e hoʻoemi iho i nā hana kalapona i ka wā e mālamaʻia nā holoholona i kahiʻoi aku o ka nohona kanaka, a me ka pono .
ʻOiaiʻo ka hapanui o kēia mau mahiʻai e mālama piha nei i nā loina ola olakino a palekana, kahi'ē aʻe kekahi ma lalo o ka radar kānāwai. ʻO ka manawa pinepine,ʻo ka makemake e kākoʻo i ka mahiʻai "kūlohelohe" ua alakaʻiʻia kekahi e hōʻole i nā mālama kūlohelohe e pale ai iā lākou iho a me kā lākou mau pua mai nā maʻi.
Ka Papahana Salmonella i Kiliʻia i Backyard Farms
Ua pili pololeiʻia kaʻike nuiʻana o ka hānai mahiʻai i kahi hanana hou o Salmonella i 48 mau kalana. Wahi a kekahi'ōlelo hoʻopuka i hāʻawiʻia e nā Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), ua hoʻopaʻaʻia 790 mau hihia o salmonellosis i ka poʻe i hele aku i ke kūkākūkāʻana me nāʻohana o ka hale i waena o Ianuali a me Iune 2017.ʻO kēia mau mea, he 174 mau hihia i manaʻoʻia he koʻikoʻi a makemakeʻia ka hale hoʻomaha.
Hōʻike kēia mau helu i ka piʻi nui o ka helu o nā hihia i pili i ka mahiʻai mahi hānai. Ma ka hoʻohālikelike, ua hoʻopaʻaʻia he 53 mau'ōpū i ka makahiki 1990 a hiki i ka makahiki 2014, i loaʻa ai i 2,360 mau hihia, 387 hale maʻi, a me nā makeʻelima.
ʻO ka makahikiʻekolu mai ka makahiki 2015 a hiki i 2017 e pili ana me nā kiʻi.
ʻOiai ka emiʻana o nā huahelu i kahi haʻahaʻa,ʻo kēia ka nui o ka hoʻonuiʻana e hoʻomau mau ana i ka hopohopo i nāʻoihana ola kino o ke aupuni.
Nā Hāʻaha HuapiliʻO Salmonella a Me Food
ʻO Salmonellosis ka inoa o ka maʻi i hanaʻia e Salmonella bacteria.
Ke ola nei ka huapalapala i ka'ōpū o ke kino o nā kānaka a me nā holoholona a ua lawe muaʻia ma waena o nā meaʻai i hoʻopiliʻia me ka feces.
Aiaʻelua mauʻano nui o salmonella-salmonella bongori a me Salmonella enterica-me nā helu likeʻole e pili pū ana me ka lāʻau make. ʻO nā kaha o salmonellosis ka like me ka maʻi o ka'ōpū a hiki ke komo:
- Kōkua
- Pale
- Pāpaʻi nui
- ʻO ka wai
ʻO nā hōʻailona ke hōʻike mauʻia 12 a 72 mau hola ma hope o ka hoʻonaniʻana a hiki ke hoʻoholo i kēlā me kēia wahi mai 4 a 7 mau lā. ʻO ka hapa nui o nā hihia e hoʻoponopono i kā lākou iho me kaʻole o ka lāʻau.
Eia nō naʻe, i nā keiki'ōpio, nā meaʻelemakule, a me nā kānaka me nā'ōlohelohe palekana, salmonellosis hiki ke alakaʻi i nā maʻiʻeha a me ka weliweli. I kēia mau kānaka, hiki i kahi maʻi ke hoʻopili aku i kekahi manawa i ke koko e hana ai i ka maʻi nui, kino kino a pau i kapaʻiaʻo Salmonella septicemia. Hoʻomaʻa pinepineʻia nā maʻi i kahi hoʻomaha a me ka hana hoʻomāinoino o nā lāʻauʻaeʻa.
I ka United States, salmonellosis i hoʻopiʻiʻia i kahi 1.2 miliona mau kānaka a make i ka make 400 mau make i kēlā me kēia makahiki. ʻO ka maʻi ke kuleana no kaʻoi aku o ka haukapila ma mua o nā mea ulu'ē aʻe, e like me E. coli, a pili i nāʻoihana ola kino ma o kaʻaila he $ 365 miliona o ka makahiki.
Salmonellosis Hoʻohuiʻia i nā hana kūlohelohe
ʻO Salmonella enterica keʻanoʻano bacteria i pili pinepineʻia me ka maʻi hānai. ʻOiai ka lawelaweʻana a me kaʻaiʻana o nā moa e hiki ke hoʻonāʻia i nā maʻi, he mau hua manu nui ka maʻi moa. Wahi a ka US Department of Agriculture (USDA), ka maʻi o S. enterica i ka hens hovers ma kahi o 10 pakeneka,ʻoi aʻe ma mua oʻelua manawa iʻikeʻia i loko o nā mea hōʻailona.
I waena o nā mahiʻai o ka hope, uaʻikeʻia ka hana kūponoʻole a me ka mālamaʻana i nā hipa i ke kumu nui o ka pōʻino o Salmonella. He mea kūpono kēia i nā mea mālama i nā hipa liʻiliʻi e like me nā meaʻai a me nā kumu ulu hou.
Ua hōʻikeʻia heʻimi i mālamaʻia e ka University of Kaleponi-Davis Department of Animal Science i ka makahiki 2014, ma waena o nā mea hoʻokipa o ka home, ua nui loa kaʻikeʻole o nā maʻi olakino.
Wahi a kaʻimi noiʻi, kokoke i ka 70 pakeneka o nā mea nāna iʻae i ka poʻe malihini kipa i loko o ko lākou hale noho aʻo 40% wale nō nā mea i uhi i nā mea mālama i ka wā e hoʻomaʻemaʻe ai. Hanaʻia kēia mau hanaʻelua he palekana. ʻO keʻano o ka mea iʻikeʻia e ka nui o ka poʻe mahiʻai iʻole heʻole paha e pili ana i nā maʻi hānai likeʻole e like me ka maʻi avian a iʻole ka maʻi o Marek (he maʻi make, he maʻi hoʻopunipuni ka maʻi'ōlohelohe i nāʻohana i kūʻoleʻia).
Ma waena o nā hana e pili ana me ka salmonellosis:
- ʻO ka hōʻiliʻiliʻana i nā hua manu i kēlā me kēia lā, i ke kau wela
- ʻAʻole hoʻoulu i nā hua i ka manawa ma hope o ka hōʻiliʻiliʻana
- ʻAʻole holoi lima ma hope o ka hoʻopiliʻana i kahi moa a hoʻomaʻemaʻe paha i ka coop
- Kissing a melike paha i ka moa e like me nā meaʻai
- ʻO ka nele i ka maʻi kūmaʻi i nā maʻi moa
- Fertilizing nā mahinaʻai me ka manua hou,ʻole i hoʻomaluʻia,ʻo ka hana i hiki ke hoʻopōʻino i nā mea kanu
Loaʻa keʻike o Salmonellosis i ka moa: e nāwaliwali lākou, loaʻa ka maʻi wela, a hoʻoulu i kahi paleʻulaʻula. Hiki i nāʻene hiki ke hōʻemi māmā i ka hanaʻana i ka hua.
Ka holoiʻana a holoiʻole paha i nā pua moa
ʻO kekahi kumu kumu o Salmonella ka maʻi kūponoʻole no nā hua moa. Manaʻo ka poʻe loea akamai e kū'ē i ka holoiʻana e like me kēia e hiki ai ke hoʻoneʻe i ka gelatinous "bloom" e hōʻailona a mālama i ka hua mai ka huakī. Kamaʻa, ke hōʻoia nei i kahi kukui e holoiʻia aiʻole holoiʻia paha e wehe i kahi hana nui i ukaliʻia e ka hanu hou i lalo o 40 ° F.
Hiki ke hoʻomaʻemaʻe mau nā nūnū inā loaʻa koke. ʻO nā hua palapē nui loa nā mea e noho ana i ka pūnana no nā lā he nui, a laila, e hoʻokuʻuʻia kēia mau mea.
Inā kohoʻoe e holoi i nā hua, ponoʻoe e hōʻoia i ka wai he 90 ° F. F. E hoʻopihaʻia nā mahana o ka wai e hoʻonui i ka hua manu a pāpā i ka lepo a me nā mea poke mai nā pores o ka shell. Hoʻohanaʻia ka wai anuanu, ma keʻano likeʻole, e wehe i nā pores a kono i nā'āpana i loko. E holo mau ka wai i nā hua i holoiʻia eʻoe. Maiʻae wale i nā hua e noho i loko o ka wai, e hoʻopau. Ma hope o ka holoi, hoʻomaloʻo i nā hua a me ka lama.
Nā mea kōkua no ka mālamaʻana i Salmonellosis
ʻOiai ka hanmonellosis e hiki ai i kēlā me kēia manawa o ka makahiki, hiki ke piʻi ka hopena ma nā mahina kauwela ke hoʻomahaʻia ka mahana wela kahi maikaʻi loa no nā hua bacteria. Ināʻoe he backyard coop a mālama paha i nā moa he hoa mahiʻai, aia kekahi mau mea e hiki iāʻoe ke mālama iā Salmonella.
ʻO ka mea nui i waena o kēia mau mea,ʻo ia ka inoa o keʻano o keʻano o keʻano o keʻano o keʻano o keʻano o nā manu. Mai kūʻai aku i kahi hānai ola a me ka moa mai kahi'ē aʻe ma waho o ka mea pale i hōʻailonaʻia e ke USDA National Poultry Improvement Plan (USDA NPIP). E mālama i nā lālā i hōʻoiaʻole, e like me nā hōʻikeʻike kūikawā a me nā mea mahiʻai'ē aʻe.
No ka paleʻana i ka Salmonella mai ka lawelawe a mālamaʻana i kāuʻohana:
- E hoʻomaʻemaʻe i kou coop i nā manawa a pau, e like me nā papahele, nā pūnana, a me nā peʻe.
- E hoʻololi i nā meaʻai a me nā wai i nā manawa a pau, no kēlā me kēia lā.
- Ke lawe i nā mīkina lima a me nā wāwae palekana i ka holoiʻana i nā coops.
- E holoi mau i kou mau lima ma hope o ka hoʻopiliʻana i ka moa a iʻoleʻohiʻana i nā hua.
- E holoi i kou mau lima i waho ma kahi o ke kīhini.
- ʻO nā kīʻaha mālama pono a me nā mea hanaʻai'ē aʻe'ē aʻe ma waho.
- Maiʻaiʻoe a inu paha i nā wahi a nā manu e ola nei aiʻole e holo.
- Mai hoʻokuʻu i nā manu i loko o ka hale, i ka mea i hoʻomākaukauʻia ka meaʻai.
- Maiʻae i nā keiki aiʻole nā malihini kipa e mālama i nā moa e like me nā meaʻai.
- Mai hāʻawi i nā moa i nā keiki i makana.
- E hoʻonāʻau i kekahi manu maʻi a kūkā koke aku i kāu kauā.
- E hōʻoiaʻiʻo i ka lapaʻau ponoʻana o kāuʻohana e pili ana i nā maʻi maʻi.
- Hoʻomaʻaʻia ka moa lūlū no 45 mau lā ma mua o ka hoʻohanaʻana i ka wai wai ola. I ka wā e hoʻoponopono ai, e pale i ka hāʻawiʻana i ka meli hou i kahi lāʻau olakino aiʻole e mālama ai.
No ka paleʻana i ka loaʻaʻana o salmonellosis mai nā hua hou, nā huahana homegrown:
- E hōʻiliʻili pinepine i nā hua, i ka manawa hoʻokahi i ke kakahiaka a hoʻokahi i ka ahiahi.
- Inā holoiʻoe i nā hua, hana i waho ma waho o ka lumi kīhini.
- E hoʻonele i nā hua'ōpala aʻele paha.
- Mai mālama i nā hua i ka lumi wela noʻoi aku iʻelua hola.
- Hoʻomaʻa maikaʻi i nā iʻa. Maiʻai i nā hua maka.
> Kālā:
> Basler, C; Nguyen, T .; Anderson, T .; Hancock, T. a me Barton Behveshh, C. "Nā pōʻino o nā maʻi o Salmonella i hui pūʻia me Live Liveltry, United States, 1990-2014." Hoʻopilikiaʻia ka Dis. 2016; 22 (10): 1705-1711.
> Nā Pūnaewele no ka Manaʻo a me ka Puʻiʻana i ka maʻi (CDC). "Nā pilikia nui o nā maʻi o Salmonella o ke kanaka i hoʻohuiʻia e ola olala i Backyard Flocks." Atlanta, Georgia; i hoʻopukaʻia ma Iulai 13, 2017.
> Elkhoraiba, C. ʻO Blatchford. R. Pitesky, M .; a me Mench, J. "He mau moa lohi maʻAmelika Huipūʻia: He mākaʻi o nā kahu hipa." ʻO nā meaʻai hoʻoilina. November 1, 2014; 93 (11): 2920-2931.
> US Department of Agriculture. "ʻO ka Serotypes Profile of Salmonella ka meaʻai mai nā meaʻai a me nā mea olala, Ianuali 1998 a hiki iā Kekemapa 2014." Washington, DC; hoʻopau hou i ka lā 11 oʻAukake, 2016.
> Asy, H. a me Ross, K. "Salmonella a me na pua: Mai ka hana ana i ka papa." ʻO Int J Environ Res Health Public Health. Malaki 2015; 12 (3): 2543-2556.