ʻO Gluconeogenesis ka hana o synthesizing glucose i loko o ke kino mai nā kumu hanaʻole-carbohydrate such as lactate and pyruvate. ʻO ka biosyesthesis o ka glucose hou,ʻaʻole ma Gluconeogenesis e hiki keʻikeʻia e like me ke kaʻina hana ākea o ka'enekeneke, ka hoʻohaunaele a me ka unuhiʻana o ka ike mai ka glucose.
ʻO kaʻanuʻu Normal vs. Low Carb Diet
Hiki i nā pūnaewele o kā mākou kino ke hoʻohana i ka glucose, aʻo kekahi mea e hilinaʻi ana i ia.
Ināʻoe eʻai ana i kaʻai maʻamau, nui ka glucose o kou kino mai ka meaʻaiʻaiʻaiʻAmelika eʻai aiʻoe. Eia kekahi laʻana,ʻo nā mea hōʻiliʻili (nui i nā kīlaʻau me ka palaoa, kaʻaila, a me nā mea'ē aʻe) he mau kaula lōʻihi lōʻihi o ka glucose. Eia kekahi,ʻo nā sugars kūlohelohe e like me ka mea i hoʻohuiʻia i ka suga e lako nui i nā meaʻai a ka nui o nā kānaka. Akā, ināʻaʻole i pau ka'ūpona'aleʻa, e hana ke kino i ka glucose mai nā kumu'ē aʻe. ʻOiai ka hoʻohanaʻana o ka'ōnaehana i ka ikaika nui a heʻano maoli ia o ka hana o ke kino e loaʻa ai ka ikaika,ʻo ka gluceoneogenesis he hana-puni no ka pilikino o kou kino e loaʻa a mālama i ka ikehu e pono ai ke lawelawe i nāʻoihana kino maʻamau.
Gluconeogenesis a me kou Hulu
ʻO ke kaʻina hana o ka gluconeogenesis kahi i kauʻia ma ke akepaʻa, kahi i hanaʻia ai ka glucose mai ka amino acids (protein), glycerol (ka hapina o triglycerides , ka mole mole palekana), a me nā kālepa metabolism glucose like lactate and pyruvate.
Hoʻopukaʻia ka lactate e ka'ōpū o nāʻiʻo muso a hoʻounaʻia i ke akepaʻa ma o ke koko. Ma ka pō, i ka wāʻaʻole mākou iʻai no nā hola he nui, hoʻomaka ka kino e hana i ka glucose me ka hoʻohanaʻana i ka gluconeogenesis. Eia keʻano o ka hana.
ʻO nā'ōkuhiʻekolu ma Gluconeogenesis
- ʻO ka hoʻohuliʻana o ka pyruvate i ka phosphoenolpyruvic acid (PEP)ʻo ia ka pae mua i ka gluconeogenesis. Nui nā hanana i makemakeʻia No ka hoʻololiʻana i ka pyruvate i ka PEP me nā enzymes kiko'ī. Eia kekahi laʻana, pyruvate carboxylase, PEP carboxykinase, a me malate dehydrogenase ke kuleana no kēia hoʻololi. Hiki i ka pahu carboxylase ke loaʻa ma ka mitochondria a hoʻololiʻia ka hua'ōlelo i oxaloacetate. ʻAʻole hiki ke hele i ka mitochondria membranes, no laila, e hoʻololi mua ia i malate e ka malate dehydrogenase. Hiki i ka Malala ke hele i ka membrane mitochondria i ka cytoplasm kahi i hoʻohuliʻia ai i ka oxaloacetate me kekahi malate dehydrogenase. ʻO ka hope, ua hoʻololiʻia ka oxaloacetate i PEP ma o ka PEP carboxykinase. ʻO nā papa hana hou e like me ka likeʻole o ka'ōnaehana wale nō ke kaʻina hana.
- ʻO kaʻanuʻuʻelua kaʻokoʻa mai ka'ōhinuhuiaʻanaʻo ka hoʻohuliʻia o ka palaka-1,6-bP i ka fructose-6-P me ka hoʻohanaʻana i ka fructose-1,6-phosphatase enzyme. ʻO ka hoʻololiʻana o ka palaka-6-P i ka glucose-6-P hoʻohana i ka enzyme likeʻole me ka glycolysis, phosphoglucoisomerase.
- ʻO ka hopena hope loa i hoʻokaʻawaleʻia i ka glycolysis,ʻo ia ka hoʻohuliʻana o ka glucose-6-P i ka glucose me ka gzycose-6-phosphatase enzyme. Aia kēia enzyme i loko o ka retopulum endoplasmic.
ʻO ka mea nui o ka waiʻiko i kou kino a me kou maʻi
ʻO Glucose ka kumu nui o ka ikehu no ke kino a me ka lolo. Hōʻike ka Gluconeogenesis i ka nele o ka glucose mai ke kahekauwai e mālamaʻia nā palena kūikawā o ka'ōpū i ka wā o kahi o ke kaloka. ʻO ka lolo wale nō e hoʻohana i ka 100 grams o ka glucose i ka lā. Hiki i ke kino ke hoʻohana koke i ka glucose no ka ikehu.
Nā kumuhana:
Nānā Kūmole no ka Energy, Carbohydrate, Fiber, Fat, Acids Acids, Cholesterol, Protein, and Amino Acids (Macronutrients) (2005), Institute of Medicine, Food and Nutrition Board, National Academy of Sciences.
ʻO ka Medical Biochemistry Page.com Ianuali 2016.
ʻO UC Davis. Gluconeogenesis. ChemWiki 2016.