Ua hoʻoholoʻia ka DRI no nā meaʻai a me ka laweʻana i ka wai
ʻO kaʻaha kūmole,ʻo DRI paha no ka pōkole, he mau kumu waiwai ia e hoʻohālikelike ana i nā koi i kēlā me kēia lā, ka palena palena o nā lā a pau, a me nā helu o nā lā kūpono. Ua kūkuluʻia lākou e ka Institute of Medicine of the National Academies i ka waena o nā makahiki 1990. (I kēia lā, uaʻikeʻiaʻo iaʻo ka Health and Medicine Division o nā National Academy of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine.) Ke loaʻa nei ko Canada a me ka UK i nā koina kūmole.
Loaʻa nā DRI no nā huama, nā minelala, momona, protein, fiber,'ailaʻa a me ka laweʻana i ka wai. (Aia lākou maʻaneʻi ma ka pūnaewele o ke Keʻena Health and Medicine Division). He mea kōkua nui nā DRI i nā meaʻai e hoʻoponopono ana i nā meaʻai no ka mea e kōkua ana kēia mau kumukūʻai iā lākou e hoʻolālā i nā hoʻonohonoho maikaʻi i ka pālahalaha maikaʻi i hiki i nā mea kūʻai a me nā mea hoʻohana ke loaʻa nā meaola a pau makemake lākou i kēlā me kēia lā.
ʻO nā DRI ma ka makahiki a me ka wahine. ʻAʻole nāʻano meaʻai a pau ka like, akā. Eia kekahi lā, he nui keʻano o ka DRI no ka hao ma muli o ka nui a me ka wahine ke hoʻohālikeʻia ka DRI no ka selenium e like me nā'ōpiopio a me nā mākua. Eia kekahi, ua heluʻia nā DRI no nā wāhine hāpai a hānai paha no ka mea e koi mau lākou i kahiʻoi aku o nā meaʻai.
He aha nā'Āpono e Hoʻonui ai i nā DRI?
Loaʻa heʻehā mau helu e pili ana i ka DRI. Kapaʻia lākouʻo EAR,ʻo RDA,ʻo AI, a me ka UL.
ʻO ka makemakeʻana i ka palena manawaʻoi (EAR) ,ʻo ia ka palena o nā meaʻai i kēlā me kēia lā i kūpono e hālāwai me ka hapalua o nā kānaka olakino likeʻole a me nā makahiki likeʻole.
Hoʻohana nuiʻia e nā meaʻaiʻai lāʻau inā pono lākou e hoʻolālā i nā meaʻai no nā hui nui a me nā mea noiʻi waiwaiʻai. ʻAʻole ia he mea e manaʻo nui ai ka mea kūʻai maʻamau.
ʻO kaʻaha maikaʻiʻo Dietary Allowance (RDA) ,ʻo ia ka awelika o ka mālamaʻana i kēlā me kēia lā e lawa ai no ka mālamaʻana i nā pono o ka meaʻai e like me 98% o ka poʻe kāne a me nā makahiki likeʻole.
ʻO kēia keʻikeʻia ka EAR ma kahi kōkua no ka mea helu heluʻiaʻo RDA mai ka EAR o kekahi mea waiwai kūpono.
ʻO ka mea nui me kahi RDA keʻike nei ināʻo kou hālāwaiʻana me kāu RDA no nā meaʻai i hāʻawiʻia i kēlā me kēia lā, hikiʻole iāʻoe ke nele i kēlā mea kanu.
No laila, no nā wāhine,ʻo ka RDA no ka huaora C he 75 milligrams i ka lā. No laila, i ka wā eʻai aiʻoe i ka wai-C me nā meaʻai e kū ai i kēlā kaha, ponoʻoe e nui ka huaʻai C. No laila e pono aiʻoe eʻai i kekahi mau hua a me ka puaʻa i kēlā me kēia lā.
ʻO ke Kūpono Kūpono (AI) he like ia me RDA akā,ʻaʻoleʻo ia keʻano pololei no ka meaʻaʻole i hiki i nāʻepekema hoʻonaʻauao ke hoʻokumu i kahi EAR a me RDA. Akā, no ka meaʻaʻole ia he kiko'ī, ua hoʻomauʻia ka AI ma muli o kaʻepekema maikaʻi kahi mea kūpono loa e hiki ke hoʻohanaʻia no ka hoʻolālāʻana i nā meaʻai.
Eia kekahi laʻana,ʻaʻohe RDA no ka laweʻana i ka pāpīpī, akā heʻoiaʻiʻo he mineral. Ua hoʻokumuʻia ka AI i 4.7 grams i ia lā, kahi hōʻailona nui e pana no ka wā e hoʻolālā anaʻoe i kāuʻai. A like nō me ka huaʻaa C, inā eʻaiʻoe i nā hua a me nā huaʻai, pono e hiki iāʻoe ke hālāwai i kēia AI me ka pilikiaʻole.
ʻO ka Level Upper Intake Level ( Tople Intera Level ) ka pae kiʻekiʻe loa o ka waiwai o kēlā me kēia lā o nā mea kanu i hāʻawiʻia e liloʻole i mea e pilikino ai i ka mea likeʻole a me ka wahine.
He mea nui ka UL no ka mea hoʻohana. ʻAʻole hiki ke pale i kekahi meaʻai wale nō ma kaʻaiʻana i nā meaʻai. Akā, nui nā meaʻai e hiki ke lilo i mea weliweli inā lākou e hoʻohana ana i ka nui o ka manawa. No laila, ināʻoe e lawe i nā meaʻai i meaʻai no kekahi kumu, e hahai i ka hana e like me ke kuhikuhiʻiaʻana ma ka lepili, keʻole kāu i hōʻike iāʻoe i keʻano'ē aʻe a mālama i nā kūlana olakino.
ʻO kahi hōʻailona o kahi UL nui no ka huaʻai A. Ma ke kaʻina o kēia mau lā ma mua o 3,000 micrograms i ka lā, hiki i ka hopena a me ka pilikia o ka huhū. Aʻo nā wāhine hāpai a hāpai i ka nui o ka lāʻau Aʻo ia i kēlā me kēia lā, nui ka pilikia o kekahi mau maʻi hānau.
Pehea Pehea wau e hoʻohana ai i kēiaʻike?
Uaʻike pono kāu meaʻai i ka mea e hana ai me DRIs, akā, kōkua lākou no ka mea kūʻai maʻamau e ho'āʻo nei eʻike i nā meaʻai eʻai i kēlā lā i kēia lā. Ma ka nānāʻana i ka DRIs a mālama pono i ka waiwai waiwai o nā meaʻai āu eʻai ana, eʻikeʻoe inā e loaʻa ana iāʻoe nā meaola maikaʻi a pau.
I kēia manawa, keʻike nei wau he kani kēlā o ka hana, a ma mua o ka liloʻana o ka pūnaewele i mau lā o ko mākou ola, he kumu nui. Akā i kēia mau lā me nā pūnaewele like me ka calorie counters a me ChooseMyPlate,ʻo nā mea a pau e ponoʻoe e hana ke kūkulu i kahi hōʻailona, e kākau i nā meaʻai āu eʻai ai (aiʻole e hoʻolālā eʻai) i kēlā lā i kēia lā aʻo ka pūnaewele ke hana i ka hana noʻoe.
Pehea e hoʻohālikelike ai nā DRI i nā DV?
Ua hoʻokumuʻia ka Daily Value (DV) e ka United States Food and Drug Administration e kōkua ai i nā mea kūʻai e aʻo hou e pili ana i nā meaʻai i loaʻa i loko o nā meaʻai i kūʻaiʻia e kā lākou kūʻai. ʻO ka DV ka like me ka RDA a iʻole AI, akā,ʻaʻole i nā manawa likeʻole no ka meaʻaʻole i hoʻonuiʻia ka makahiki a me ka wahine. Ma ka hopena, ua hoʻokumuʻia nā DV ma nā waihona o ka caloric o kēlā me kēia lā, a iāʻoe e nānā i nā lepili Nutrient Facts, eʻikeʻoe i ka DVʻo "% DV" a eʻike anaʻoe i ka nui o kāu mea e pono ai i kēlā me kēia pono no kēlā mea kanu. e kekahi meaʻai o ka meaʻai.
Pono nā kūmole ponoʻole no nā meaʻai i hoʻolakoʻia, akāʻaʻole nā meaʻai a pau e heluʻia. Eʻikeʻoe i nā mea e like me ka calories, ka momona, ka cholesterol, ka momona momona, nā meaʻala, nā mea'alapona, nā'alekoka, ka fiber, ka calcium, ka hao, ka sodium, ka lāʻauʻo A, a me nā hua malo C. I kekahi manawa eʻikeʻoe i nā huaʻai a me nā alumina'ē aʻe i heluʻia, akā hiki i ka mea hana meaʻai.
Nā kumuhana:
Nā Papa Hana Hoʻonaʻauao o ka Moku'āina, Office of Dietary Supplements. "Nā Kuleana Uila." Loaʻa iā June 29, 2016. https://ods.od.nih.gov/HealthInformation/dailyvalues.aspx.
ʻOihana HoʻonaʻauaoʻoʻAmelika (US) Food and Nutrition Board. Nānā Haʻawina Dietary: He Hōʻike Aʻoaʻo No ka Hoʻolālāʻana i Nā Papa Hana Kūwaena Loa no nā meaʻono. Washington (DC): National Academies Press (US); 1998. "He aha nā meaʻaʻai?" Ua hōʻea iā June 29, 2016. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK45182/.
Ka Waihona Puke Lapaʻau (US) ma ka wehewehe 'ana a me nā hoʻohana no ka hoʻokomo' ana i nā mea 'ai; Ke Komite Kūikawā (US) Kūlana Kūikawā o ka Hōʻike'Ipekema Aʻo o nā'Aiho Kūmole. Nānā Haʻawina KūʻaiʻAna: Nonoiho ma ka Hoʻolālā Nānā. Washington (DC): National Academies Press (US); 2003. "Ke hoʻohana nei i nā'ōleloʻaina i ka papahana no ka hoʻolālāʻana i nā meaʻai no nā kānaka." Ua hōʻea iā June 29, 2016. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK221374/.
Nā National Academy of Sciences, Engineering, a Medicine, Health and Medicine Division. "Dietary Reference Intakes Palepa a me ka Hoʻopihapiha." Ua hōʻea iā June 29, 2016. http://www.nationalacademies.org/hmd/Activities/Nutrition/SummaryDRIs/DRI-Tables.aspx.