ʻO nā pīpī ka mea nui loa i hoʻopauʻia ma ka honua
No nā poʻeʻAmelika nui,ʻo ka manaolana e'ānai i nā meaʻokoʻa e like paha me kaʻaneʻaneʻole; akā,ʻo kēia hana, i kapaʻia he entomophagy a iʻole insectivory, he mea maʻamau ia ma nā'āina he nui a me nā mea ulu. ʻO kaʻoiaʻiʻo,ʻo kekahiʻano o nā'ōpala, e like me keʻano o ka pipi, kahiʻano o ka pipi, ua manaʻoʻia he meaʻono ma nā wahi likeʻole o ke ao, e like me'Asia,'Akelika, a meʻAmelika Hema.
ʻAʻohe kumu kūpono e pono ai i nāʻAmelika e hoʻokuʻu i nā'ōpala. ʻO kaʻoiaʻiʻo,ʻaʻole ka nui o nā'okena likeʻole i nā kāpili, aiʻole ka makika, eʻai ai nā kānaka i kēlā lā i kēia lā. ʻO nāʻokoʻa a me ka shellfish nā arthropod . Eia hou, hiki i nā kānaka ke maʻi i ka nalu, ka lobster , ka crab, a me nā māhele iʻa'ē aʻe paha i nā'ōiwi, kahiʻaʻole e hōʻike wale i keʻano like o ka hanaʻana o nā'ōpala a me nā haʻalulu i nā mea a pau, akā, he mea hōʻailona paha ia i nā poʻe e maʻi ai i ka māhele iʻa e pale i kaʻaiʻana i nā'ōpū.
Ma keʻano, he nui nā kumu kūpono eʻai ai i nā kiko.
ʻO ka mua, ua piha nā pahu i ka momona a me nā momona i hoʻonāukiʻia , e hoʻomākaukau ana i nā meaʻai no nā moa a me nā iʻa.
ʻO ka lua,ʻo kaʻohiʻana i nāʻupena heʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o ka nohona aloha ma mua o ka hānaiʻana i nā holoholona. ʻO keʻano,ʻo nā holoholona i kuleana no ka 14 pakeneka o nā kinoea hoʻomehana honua hoʻomehana honua i hanaʻia ma ke ao holoʻokoʻa e hana nei i ka haʻawina nui i ka hoʻomehana honua, e hiki ke hoʻemiʻia inā nui kaʻaiʻana o nā kānaka ma mua o kaʻiʻo.
ʻO kaʻekolu,ʻo ka mea nui o ka honua e pono ai ka pilina eʻoi aku ka nui ma mua o ka paʻiluaʻana i nā'āina hoʻolālā i ka makahiki 2050. He nui nā kānaka o nā'āina ulu e hikiʻole keʻai i kaʻiʻo akā hiki iā lākou ke hāʻawi i nā'ōpala.
ʻO ka hā,ʻo ka hoʻouluʻaiʻana i nā'ōpala e hana i nā manawa waiwai no nā poʻe e hana ana ma nā'āina ulu. ʻO ka hapanui o kēia poʻe kānaka he poʻe wāhine e noho ana ma nā kaiāulu.
ʻO ke ao holoʻokoʻa,ʻo nā pīpī ka nui loa o ka pauʻana o nā meaola a pau, heʻano maʻalahi no ka loaʻaʻana o nā paʻi he 40 pakeneka o nā'ōpala a pau. E nānā aku i nā'ōpiliʻeono i lawe mauʻia i mea e emi ai ka pinepine. (Pono eʻike i nā inoa o nā kauoha a nā mea hoʻoiho a iʻole nā mea hoʻohui i loko o nā pale.)
1 - Nānā (Coleoptera)
ʻO ka maʻamau, nā wale wale nō nā koʻi - aʻaʻole i hoʻomohala pihaʻia-uaʻaiʻia e nā kānaka. Ma Cameroon, ua lohe ko lākou mau pepeiao i ke koʻokoʻo o ka lāʻau pama i ka ho'āʻo e hoʻolohe i nā koʻina. Ke hoʻolohe nei nā wāhine no nā pēpē ma keʻano, ka papa hana hoʻolālā nui loa no kaʻaiʻana.
Ma waho aʻe o ka pāpā pipi, uaʻaiʻia kekahiʻano o nā pīpoki i ke ao holoʻokoʻa, e like me nā kēpau iʻa, ka'ūpoki hīnaʻi, a me nā pīpī lepo.
Ma ka Netherlands,ʻo kaʻano o ka meaʻai manuʻai-ʻo keʻano, ka meaʻai kaiʻai liʻiliʻi, kaʻahaʻaina mīmū melemele, a me ka mea nui-hoʻohanaʻia e hānai i nā mea kolo a me nā iʻa. Hoʻokomoʻia ka poʻe ma Netherlands eʻai i nā'ōpena no ko lākou kumu waiwai kūpono, a ma nā hale kūʻai kūikawā, hiki i ka meaʻai i nā meaʻai i meaʻai no nā kānaka.
2 - Nā Caterpillars (Lepidoptera)
ʻOiai uaʻai nā kānaka o kekahi mau'alana i nā'ōleʻa ulu a me nā moa,ʻo ka hapanui o ka poʻe o ke ao holoʻokoʻa eʻai ana i kēia mau meaʻaihue, eʻai ia lākou e like me nā'okihi a me nā anuhe. I kēia laʻana ma Mekikoka, mahalo nuiʻia nā ilo maguey e nā mahiʻai a kohoʻia i nā anuhe. ʻO kēia mau meaʻai kūʻai paha i kālaiʻia aiʻole i hohonu hohonuʻia. Hiki nō hoʻi iā lākou ke hoʻolimalimaʻia me kahi meaʻaiʻalani a lawelaweʻia i kahi tortilla. Aia pū kēia mau anuhe i waena o nā "worms" i loaʻa i loko o nā hue o ka'olika mezcal.
ʻO ka caterpilla i kaulana i ka honua a pau,ʻo ka mopane caterpillar, kahi i loaʻa i ka mopane woodlands. He māla nui ka'āina mopane he'āina nui i hāpaiʻia ma Aferika Hema, Mozambique, Namibia, Botswana, Angola aʻoi aku. Ke manaʻoʻia nei ua hōʻiliʻiliʻia he 9.5 piliona pilikino i kēlā me kēia makahiki ma'Afelika Hema a me ka loaʻaʻana o $ 85 miliona o ka makahiki ma ke kūʻai.
3 - Pākī,ʻAi a meʻAne (Hymenoptera)
ʻO nā anana he holoholona manaʻole a no ka pōmaikaʻi nuiʻole i nā kānaka. Ma waho o ka noʻonoʻo nuiʻiaʻana i nā mea maikaʻi ma nā wahi he nui o ke ao nei, ua komo nā pōwa i nā holo kaʻakiko noʻonoʻo a heʻano ia o ka mana hoʻomalu no nā mea kanu.
ʻO nā larvae a me nā pupae o kaʻupena weaver he mea kaulana ia ma'Asia kahi i kapaʻia ai he "hua miki." Ma Thailand, ua kūʻaiʻia kēia mau hua miki i loko! Eia kekahi, ua hoʻohanaʻia kaʻuli ulanaʻeleʻele, kahi i loaʻa ma nā wahi kūmole o Kina, Malaki, Bangladesh, India a me Sri Lanka, heʻano kumuhana i nā meaʻai olakino a me nā tonics.
I Iapana,ʻo ka'ōmole o ka lole'aleʻele,ʻo kaʻano o ka wep, he mea momona a me ka waiwai, a he mea pono e laweʻia mai i Vietnam a me'Asetala e kākoʻo i ka koi.
ʻO ka mea e mahalo ai,ʻoiai he maikaʻi loa ka waiwai a me ka waiwai o nā amino acids, ka ikehu, nā mineral pono a me nā hua B , ʻaʻoleʻike ikiʻia e pili ana i ka hiki i ka bees-mind,ʻaʻole ka meli-ʻoiai he kumuʻai. E like me nā mea nest, hiki ke maʻalahi i ka beʻa.
Me nā pūpū, nā hua bipi, nā larvae a me nā pupae (ʻo ia hoʻi ka bee brood) ka mea nui ma ka'ākau o Thailand. ʻO kaʻoiaʻiʻo, ma ka'ākauʻo Thailand, nui loa ka waiwai o ka bee brood a ke kumukūʻai nui ma ka mākeke.
4 - Huluhulu,'Auhuki a me nā Crickets (Orthoptera)
Loaʻa nā manawa ināʻikeʻoe i kahi moa, he meaʻai. ʻO ka hapanui nui o nā iʻa heoho he 80 i ka honua a pau e hiki keʻai. Ma ke Komohana oʻAmelika Komohana, ua kūʻaiʻia nā'ōpoki i ke alanui e like me nā pōpilikia. Eia kekahi, ma Mekikoka, ua hoʻomaʻemaʻeʻia ka chapuline ,ʻo ia kaʻoihana kaulana kaulana loa ma Latin America, a laila ua hoʻomaʻemaʻeʻia a laila kapalaʻia i ka lemona, ke kāleka, a me ka paʻakai no kaʻaiʻana.
Hiki i nā'ōhupa ke hana i loko o nā pilau a hiki ke maʻalahi i ka hopu. Ma muli o ka neʻeʻana o nā'ūhini, he manawa hoʻolālā wale nō ia i'Afelika a me ka Middle East. ʻO nāʻanoʻokoʻa likeʻole o ka'ūhiniʻai,ʻo ia ka'ūhini huluhulu, ka'ūhiniʻulaʻula, a me ka'ūhini huluhulu. No ka mea, he meaʻeha nā mea'ūlū, he pinepine lākou i ka hulinaʻia me nā'ōpiopio'ōpopophate. Ua loaʻa nā'ōhū i hoʻopōʻinoʻia me nā lāʻau pīpī i Kuwait i ka wā eʻohiʻai ai.
Hoʻokomoʻia nā'āhua a me nā'ūhini i ke kakahiaka nui no ka mea he koko koko a hoʻomahaʻole lākou i ka manawa kakahiaka.
He paʻakikī nā'ōpena no ka mea he lōʻihi ko lākou ola. No laila,ʻelua wale nōʻano cricket e mahi pāʻaniʻia ana : Gryllus bimaculatus a me ka home buyta . Ma ka haʻaheo, ua hoʻomohala ka poʻe Cambodia i kēia mau'alaʻula maʻamau a makemake lākou iā lākou i nā'ōpala i hopuʻia i loko o ka ulu nahele no ka mea ua'ōlelo lākou i nā meaʻoi aku i nā meaʻoi aku i nā meaʻoi aku. ʻO kekahi mau mea hoihoi nui: Ma waho aʻe o kaʻaiʻiaʻana,ʻo nā'ūlika i Kina ka mālamaʻiaʻana e like me nā meaʻai a me nā pali ma ka hakakā cricket.
5 - Cicadas (Hemoptera)
Inā nohoʻoe ma ka'ākau'ākau oʻAmelika Huipūʻia, hiki iāʻoe keʻike e pili ana i nā wīwī. I ka punawai,ʻo nā paila o kēia mau mea hao lele lele mai loko mai o ka lepo ma hope o ka hoʻohanaʻana i nā makahiki he 17 i ka lepo e hoʻolū i nā kumu lāʻau. ʻO kā lākouʻai, ka mea waiwai i nā mea kanu, hāʻawi ia i kaʻula a me ka meaʻala likepakai i ka wā iʻaiʻia ai. Hiki ke paʻiʻiaʻo Cicadas a hohonu hohonu i'ōniuʻia a paʻiʻia i loko o nā quiche, pies, a me nā kuki.
6 - Pentatomid Bugs (Heteroptera)
Hoʻokomo pinepineʻia nā pihi Pentatomid i mau pahu kākākūkā aiʻole nā piʻi pila. I nāʻAkau Pākīpika, uaʻaiʻia nā pentatomid i kaʻaila, aʻo nāʻaila mai ke kiko mai i hōʻiliʻiliʻia a hoʻohanaʻia e hoʻomākaukau i ka meaʻai.
ʻO ka hapa nui o nā pentatomid bug i hoʻohanaʻia e like me ka meaʻai, he mea wai. I Mexico, no ka laʻanaʻana, ua hoʻohanaʻia kekahiʻano o ka pentatomid bug aquatic e lilo i mea kūpono , aiʻole ka caviar Mexican. ʻO kēia mau'ōpū pentatomid wai e hoʻopauʻia e nā mahiʻai.
> Kālā:
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>ʻO Van Huis A. Nānā i ka'īnaʻi. Nā papahana o kaʻahahui Nutrition. 2016; 75: 294-305.
> Van Huis A et al. Nā Hua'ōlelo Hoʻomehana: Nā Mea e hiki mai ana i ka wā e hiki mai ana i kaʻai a me ka mālama hānai . Roma: FAO; 2013.
> Yen AL. ʻO ka mālamaʻana i ka hoʻopihapihaʻana. Ka Nūpepa o ka mālamaʻana i ka Insect. 2009; 13: 667-670.